Lithium-Ion Alternative

Lithium-ion batteries have pretty much taken over the electric vehicle (EV) market because they charge more quickly than their nickel-metal hydride counterparts and are less prone to developing a charge-discharge “memory.” But they also have some disadvantages. Mining the raw materials needed to produce them (lithium and cobalt) causes damage to the environment that is not easily reversed. In addition, the cells themselves can catch fire, and when they do, are very difficult to extinguish.

As engineers continue to look for alternatives, one technology that incorporates fluoride chemistry is showing some promise. Fluoride-ion batteries are potentially more energy dense than lithium-ion, meaning that EVs could go farther on smaller battery packs. But early versions required the electrolyte to be heated as high as 300 degrees Fahrenheit for optimal function. Now a collaborative research team has created a room-temperature fluoride electrolyte that works in combination with a newly developed cathode to produce a functional fluoride-ion cell.

Although the technology is likely years away from commercialization, it represents an exciting alternative for EVs down the road.